The origins of cognitive dissonance yale university. Dissonance spring is an international small group meeting for researchers interested in cognitive conflict models with a focus on cognitive dissonance theory, to be held in may 2020. Cognitive dissonance theory is a psychological theory that assesses the mental stress or discomfort that individuals face in life when they are faced with two contradicting beliefs, ideas or values on a specific model. Cognitive dissonance can be seen as an antecedent condition which leads to activity oriented toward dissonance reduction just as hunger leads to activity oriented toward hunger reduction. Leon festinger developed the cognitive dissonance theory festinger, 1957 dissonance occurs when a person perceives a logical inconsistency in their beliefs, when one idea implies the opposite of another. According to dissonance theory, selfesteem is threatened by inconsistency. Cognitive dissonance challenges a possibility of human evolution.
A theory of cognitive dissonance download ebook pdf. A theory of cognitive dissonance by leon festinger 1957. In life, people are faced by different decisions that are cryptic given the actions of models that they take in an individual. Cognitive dissonance cd is a discomfort caused by holding conflicting elements of knowledge. The number of variations within this approach to selfevaluation regulation is also substantial. Ty book ti a theory of cognitive dissonance au festinger, leon sp 291 cy stanford pb stanford university press py 1957 ur. Festinger theorized that, when an individual holds. A theory of cognitive dissonance stanford university press. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it.
Keech, reported receiving messages from extraterrestrial aliens that the world would end in a great flood on a specific date. Cognitive dissonance theory festinger, 1957 continues to develop and inspire new research. The origins of cognitive dissonance evidence from childre n and monkeys louisa c. Cognitive dissonance an overview sciencedirect topics. Cognitive dissonance theory wicklund and brehm 1976 commented on the 20year history of dissonance theory by observing, to the extent that dissonance theory has evolved since 1957, the evolution has been primarily due to the discovery that responsibility is a prerequisite for effects that we call dissonance reduction p. Leon festingers theory of cognitive dissonance has been widely recognized for its important and influential concepts in areas of motivation and social psychology. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Leon festingers 1957 a theory of cognitive dissonance is a key text in the history of psychology one that made its author one of the most influential social psychologists of his time it is also a prime example of. When there is an inconsistency between attitudes or behaviors dissonance, something must change to eliminate the.
Cognitive dissonance theory leon festinger 1957 pdf. Leon festingers 1957 a theory of cognitive dissonance is a key text in the history of psychology one that made its author one of the most influential social psychologists of his time. Cd is among the most influential and extensively studied theories in social psychology e. Cognitive dissonance theory an overview sciencedirect. A theory of cognitive dissonance download pdfepub ebook.
It is known by every social psychologist, most psychologists of any stripe, and the lay public, making its way into such mainstream publications as the new york times with increasing frequency and accuracy. A theory of cognitive dissonance 1957 pdf cooper cognitive dissonance. Almost half a century ago social psychologist leon festinger developed the cognitive dissonance theory festinger, 1957. The basic premise of festingers 1957 theory of cognitive dissonance is that an individual strives to maintain consistency or consonance among his or her cognitions.
Cognitive dissonance theory after 50 years of development. Pdf cognitive dissonance theory festinger researchgate. Dissonance theory holds that the conflict produces feelings of discomfort which the individual seeks to relieve by reconciling the differences, by convincing himself they do not exist, or by adopting some other type of defensive maneuver. Read online cognitive dissonance theory leon festinger 1957 book pdf free download link book now. It is also a prime example of how creative thinking and problem solving skills can come together to produce work that changes the way people look at questions. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. An introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and an. Debating christianity and religion a debate forum for people of all persuasions. A little more than 60 years ago, leon festinger published a theory of cognitive dissonance 1957. The theory of cognitive dissonance festinger, 1957. An example of this approach is cognitive dissonance theory festinger 1957.
They are evaluations about people, objects, places and behaviours. In general, social psychologists, always looking for the next great theory, seemed to have shelved this book and its concepts within a couple of decades after it came out in 1957 see leon festingers comments 30 years later in appendix b of cognitive dissonance progress on a pivotal theory in social. This article focuses on cognitive dissonance, a central theory of. The psychologist leon festinger published his theory of cognitive dissonance in his 1957 book, a theory of cognitive dissonance. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search.
Festinger 1957 cited under core books considered three ways to cope with cognitive dissonance. According to festinger, cognitive dissonance occurs when peoples thoughts and feelings are inconsistent with their behavior, which results in an uncomfortable, disharmonious feeling. Psychologist leon festinger first described the theory of cognitive dissonance in 1957. A person who experiences internal inconsistency tends to become psychologically uncomfortable and is motivated to reduce the cognitive dissonance, by making changes to. A theory of cognitive dissonance leon festinger download bok. It holds that dissonance is experienced whenever one. The paper gives examples from decisionmaking, lying, and resisting temptation. She attracted a group of followers who left jobs, schools, and spouses and. A radical point of view on dissonance theory jeanleon beauvois and robertvincent joule. Cognitive dissonance and theory of planned behaviour. Inconsistent, or dissonant, cognitions lead to psychological discomfort, which motivates activity aimed at restoring consonance.
Leon festinger introduced cognitive dissonance theory in a 1957 book, a theory of cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance theory social emotive neuroscience lab. Perspectives employing the original version of the theory. It holds that dissonance is experienced whenever one cognition that a person holds follows from the opposite of at least one other cognition that the person holds. The original version of the theory leon festinger formulated the original theory of cognitive dissonance in the mid1950s, and the first formal and complete presentation of the theory appeared in 1957. An introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and an overview of current perspectives on the theory eddie harmonjones and judson mills. Cognitivedissonancetheory after50yearsofdevelopment. Leon festinger leon festingers theory of cognitive dissonance has been widely recognized for its important and influential concepts in areas of motivation and social psychology.
A theory of cognitive dissonance leon festinger download. Leon festingers theory of cognitive dissonance has been widely recognized for its. Festingers theory of cognitive dissonance has been one of the most influential theories in social psychology jones, 1985. The theory of dissonance is here applied to the problem of why partial reward, delay of reward, and effort expenditure during training result in increased resistance to extinction. The magnitude of dissonance is directly proportional to the number of discrepant cognitions and inversely proportional to the number of consonant cognitions that a person has. A theory of cognitive dissonance by festinger, leon, 19191989. Cognitive dissonance has been an important and influential theory since leon festinger published his classic work in 1957. Download cognitive dissonance theory leon festinger 1957 book pdf free download link or read online here in pdf. The original exposition of the classic theory of cognitive dissonance.
In a theory of cognitive dissonance 1957, leon festinger proposed that human beings strive for internal psychological consistency to function mentally in the real world. An example of dissonance is the conflict that occurs. Leon festingers theory of cognitive dissonance networked. Festingers theory said that when a person holds contradictory elements in cognition producing an unpleasant state called dissonance the person will work to bring the elements back into agreement or congruence.
An alternative conceptualization was proposed by festingers theory of cognitive dissonance festinger, 1957, which asserted that organisms are motivated to reduce dissonance, defined as an incompatibility between internal cognitive structures and the situations currently perceived. Pdf a theory of cognitive dissonance semantic scholar. While at the university of minnesota, festinger read about a cult that believed that the end of the world was at hand. Improving the 1957 version of dissonance theory judson mills. A cognitive dissonance approach harvard university. Most of them can generally be arranged into four groups.
This article was originally published in the encyclopedia. Eagly and chaiken 2007 defined attitude as a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor p. Festinger 1957 theorized that persons are motivated by the unpleasant state of dissonance to engage in psycho logical work so as to reduce the inconsistency. The underlying theory was developed by l festinger in a theory of cognitive. This work is a clearly stated theory on how humans think, decide, and defend their decisions. Cite a theory of cognitive dissonance leon festinger. Inconsistency among beliefs or behaviors will cause an uncomfortable psychological tension. Leon festinger leon festinger cognitive dissonance.
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